In a global signing system, the security epoch could have rolled many times, but a system that has never seen the latest firmware won’t know this. Using an online signing server also provides better protection against rollback attacks than typical global signature approaches. When the Full Security policy is in effect, the Boot ROM and LLB helps ensure that a given signature isn’t just signed by Apple but is signed for this specific Mac, essentially tying that version of macOS to that Mac. The signature given back by the signing server is then unique and usable only by that particular Apple CPU. A signature is personalized when it includes the Exclusive Chip Identification (ECID)-a unique ID specific to the Apple CPU in this case-as part of the signing request. At the time software is downloaded and prepared to install, rather than using the global signature that comes with the software, macOS contacts the same Apple signing server used for iOS and iPadOS and requests a fresh, “personalized” signature. But Permissive Security can be accessed only from command-line tools for users who accept the risk of making their Mac much less secure.įull Security is the default, and it behaves like iOS and iPadOS. For more information on SIP, see System Integrity Protection.įull Security and Reduced Security can be set using Startup Security Utility from recoveryOS. Because of this, an Apple-silicon based Mac also won’t require (or support) a firmware password-all critical changes are already gated by user authorization. If changing a security setting would significantly degrade security or make the system easier to compromise, users must enter into recoveryOS by holding the power button (so that malware can’t trigger the signal, only a human with physical access can) to make the change. On a Mac with Apple silicon, System Security Utility indicates the overall user-configured security state of macOS, such as the booting of a kext or the configuration of System Integrity Protection (SIP). For this reason, an operating system picker has been added to Startup Security Utility. This means that multiple installed macOS instances with different versions and security policies are supported on the same Mac. Unlike security policies on an Intel-based Mac, security policies on a Mac with Apple silicon are for each installed operating system. iPhone Text Message Forwarding security.How iMessage sends and receives messages.Adding transit and eMoney cards to Apple Wallet.Rendering cards unusable with Apple Pay.Adding credit or debit cards to Apple Pay.How Apple Pay keeps users’ purchases protected.Intro to app security for iOS and iPadOS.Protecting access to user’s health data.How Apple protects users’ personal data.Activating data connections securely in iOS and iPadOS.Protecting user data in the face of attack.Protecting keys in alternate boot modes.Encryption and Data Protection overview.UEFI firmware security in an Intel-based Mac.Additional macOS system security capabilities.recoveryOS and diagnostics environments.Contents of a LocalPolicy file for a Mac with Apple silicon.LocalPolicy signing-key creation and management.Boot process for iOS and iPadOS devices.Secure intent and connections to the Secure Enclave.Face ID, Touch ID, passcodes, and passwords.
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